Four major health risks to watch out for during the winter months: Experts warn

As temperatures drop and days grow shorter, not only nature but also the human body feels the impact.

Experts warn that these seasonal changes can have serious effects on both physical and mental health.

With the arrival of winter, cold and dark days often bring fatigue, dry skin, joint pain, and mood changes. Days will not begin to lengthen again until after December 21, the shortest day of the year. Experts highlight four key health concerns to watch out for during the coming months.

1. Dry Skin and Damage Risk

The skin, our body’s largest organ, protects us from heat, light, injury, and infection. However, cold and dry air can lead to dehydration, loss of elasticity, and increased wrinkles if not properly moisturized.

Experts recommend applying moisturizer daily, drinking plenty of water, and wearing warm clothing to protect the skin. Cold air holds less humidity than warm air, meaning the skin requires extra care during this season.

2. Increased Melatonin Production and Fatigue

Reduced sunlight during the winter months causes the body to produce more melatonin, the hormone responsible for regulating sleep. According to the Cleveland Clinic, longer hours of darkness trigger increased melatonin secretion, leading to tiredness and low energy.

Experts suggest spending more time in natural light and taking vitamin D supplements to counter these effects. Doctors recommend a moderate daily intake of 15 micrograms of vitamin D, noting that excessive amounts are unnecessary.

3. Joint Stiffness and Pain

The Massachusetts Institute for Mobility, Bone & Joint Health reports that fluctuations in temperature can cause joint stiffness and pain. When muscles cool down, they become more tense and blood flow to the limbs slows.

The institute advises engaging in light physical activity to maintain joint flexibility and improve circulation. Even short walks or gentle stretching exercises can make a noticeable difference.

4. Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)

Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) is a form of depression triggered by reduced exposure to sunlight during winter. According to the Premier Medical Group, the condition can affect mood, thinking patterns, and behavior, and may even lead to weight gain.

Mental Health America notes that decreased sunlight lowers levels of serotonin—the “happiness” hormone— which can contribute to depressive symptoms. Around 10 million Americans are estimated to suffer from SAD, with women being four times more likely than men to be diagnosed.

Experts emphasize that light therapy can effectively counteract these effects. Psychologist Adam Borland told the Cleveland Clinic, “During the winter months, our bodies react to the gray, cold weather and the lack of natural sunlight. Light therapy helps compensate for what we can’t get from the sun.”

In conclusion, maintaining skin health, getting adequate vitamin D, staying physically active, and being mindful of mental well-being are key to staying healthy through the winter season.