Social prescribing gains ground in Europe as alternative to medication

Instead of drugs, anxiolytics, sedatives or other medical interventions, gym, walking, yoga, social events, outdoor activities, excursions, social connection and community service are being prescribed.

“Social prescribing” is a new approach gaining ground across European countries, with the United Kingdom and its National Health Service (NHS) leading the way, whilst over ten EU countries already implement related programmes.

The “prescriptions” or more accurately “referrals” are made by general practitioners and target patients with various, mainly chronic, conditions requiring multifaceted and proper management to maintain wellbeing and quality of life.

All official references emphasise that social prescribing combines seamlessly with traditional medicine, actually improving patient compliance with doctors’ instructions.

Patients with cancer (after completing treatment), cardiovascular diseases, mental disorders, musculoskeletal diseases or type 2 diabetes already participate in related programmes, with results showing encouraging outcomes according to recent studies.

Cyprus appears to be in very early stages, with social prescribing offered mainly through patient associations and other private entities/professionals. Generally, however, the concept of “social prescribing” is almost unknown in our country, despite recent preliminary statements supporting its implementation.

In Greece, social prescribing is applied to a limited extent through private initiative.

What is social prescribing?

At EU level, social prescribing is defined as the method by which general practitioners refer patients to various activities aimed at enhancing their wellbeing without using drugs or other invasive methods (unless deemed absolutely necessary).

The “Social Prescribing EU (SP-EU)” programme, funded by “Horizon Europe”, began in 2025 with a timeline until 2029 and budget of approximately €7 million, targeting vulnerable groups particularly.

Available data from EU health systems shows prescribing includes support groups, physical exercise activities, educational programmes, psychosocial support, social activities and creative occupation activities.

Research findings

A 2024 review including 12 studies with over 3,500 patients concluded that social prescribing had positive effects on quality of life and psychological outcomes related to specific diseases like cancer and diabetes. A second review found social prescribing can improve self-esteem, confidence and mental wellbeing whilst reducing anxiety and depression.

European programmes

The UK’s NHS has integrated social prescribing for patients with mental disorders, mainly those with mild to moderate depression and anxiety, showing improved mental wellbeing and reduced doctor visits.

Sweden implements pilot programmes targeting prevention of social isolation and mental health support through community actions. The Netherlands focuses on connecting patients with the community, often collaborating with NGOs.

Ireland uses social prescribing for chronic conditions through referrals to exercise, nutrition and self-management programmes. Germany implements local programmes combining social support with chronic disease management.

Other countries including Portugal, Spain, Finland, Denmark, Italy and Austria have developed various regional and pilot programmes targeting elderly people, vulnerable populations and chronic disease management.